History of garlic

Henry Munson Lyman
Garlic is easy to grow and can be grown year-round in mild
climates. While sexual propagation of garlic is possible,
nearly all of the garlic in cultivation is propagated asexually , by
planting individual cloves in the ground. In colder climates,
cloves are planted in the autumn, about six weeks before the
soil freezes, and harvested in late spring or early summer. The
cloves must be planted deep enough to prevent freeze/thaw,
which causes mold or white rot. [18]
Garlic plants can be grown closely together, leaving enough
space for the bulbs to mature, and are easily grown in
containers of sufficient depth. Garlic does well in loose, dry,
well-drained soils in sunny locations, and is hardy throughout
USDA climate zones 4–9. When selecting garlic for planting, it
is important to pick large bulbs from which to separate cloves.
Large cloves, along with proper spacing in the planting bed,
will also increase bulb size. Garlic plants prefer to grow in a
soil with a high organic material content, but are capable of
growing in a wide range of soil conditions and pH levels. [12]
There are different varieties or subspecies of garlic, most
notably hardneck garlic and softneck garlic. The latitude
where the garlic is grown affects the choice of type, as garlic
can be day-length sensitive. Hardneck garlic is generally
grown in cooler climates and produces relatively large cloves,
whereas softneck garlic is generally grown closer to the
equator and produces small, tightly-packed cloves.
Garlic scapes are removed to focus all the garlic's energy into
bulb growth. The scapes can be eaten raw or cooked.http://fridaykanufk.blogspot.com

History of Sugarcane

Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South and Southeast Asia, Polynesia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production. It has stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in the sugar sucrose, which accumulates in the stalk internodes. The plant is two to six metres (six to twenty feet) tall. All sugar cane species can interbreed and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.[1] Sugarcane belongs to the grass family Poaceae, an economically important seed plant family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum, and many forage crops. Sucrose, extracted and purified in specialized mill factories, is used as raw material in the food industry or is fermented to produce ethanol. Sugarcane is the world's largest crop by production quantity, with 1.9 billion tonnes produced in 2016, and Brazil accounting for 41% of the world total. In 2012, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimated it was cultivated on about 26 million hectares (64 million acres), in more than 90 countries. The global demand for sugar is the primary driver of sugarcane agriculture. Cane accounts for 79% of sugar produced; most of the rest is made from sugar beets. Sugarcane predominantly grows in the tropical and subtropical regions (sugar beets grow in colder temperate regions). Other than sugar, products derived from sugarcane include falernum, molasses, rum, cachaça (a traditional spirit from Brazil), bagasse, and ethanol. In some regions, people use sugarcane reeds to make pens, mats, screens, and thatch. The young, unexpanded inflorescence of Saccharum edule (duruka or tebu telor) is eaten raw, steamed, or toasted, and prepared in various ways in Southeast Asia, including Fiji and certain island communities of Indonesia.[2] The Persians, followed by the Greeks, encountered the famous "reeds that produce honey without bees" in India between the 6th and 4th centuries BC. They adopted and then spread sugarcane agriculture.[3] Merchants began to trade in sugar from India, which was considered a luxury and an expensive spice. In the 18th century AD, sugarcane plantations began in Caribbean, South American, Indian Ocean and Pacific island nations and the need for laborers became a major driver of large human migrations, both the voluntary in indentured servants.[4] and the involuntary migrations, in the form of slave labor.http://fridaykanufk.blogspot.com

healthy Care

A pint of Guinness contains less than three per cent of the iron we need daily

As an NHS dietician I regularly hear diet myths used to justify eating habits.

Sometimes these notions have a basis in fact, but more often they're based on outmoded beliefs that don't bear any relation to the way our bodies actually work.

Food myths come from a variety of sources, but a common theme is that people believe them to be true - and then alter their diet accordingly.

Here are the most common myths and a scientific explanation of why they are flawed...


MYTH: Eating late at night makes you put on weight

It is a commonly held view that a late meal eaten before going to bed leaves calories unused and promotes weight gain. Research shows that eating late at night does not pile on the weight - as long as your daily calorie needs match your body's requirements.

A calorie is a calorie, it doesn't matter when you eat it - but the total number of calories eaten daily does matter. If you eat late at night there's a temptation to fit in an early-evening snack to control hunger, so boosting daily energy intake overall. But an identical meal eaten at 5pm or at 10pm has exactly the same effect, calorie-wise, in the body.


MYTH: You should not exercise immediately after eating

After a meal some ten to 15 per cent of our usual hourly blood flow is directed to the gut to aid digestion. When we exercise, muscles require more blood, too, to supply oxygen and nutrients. Both exercise and eating make competing demands on our circulation - the basis of this myth.

It's fine to exercise immediately after eating, so long as it is not so intense that the muscles take so much oxygen that the stomach struggles - leading to cramps.

So, no need to delay that after-dinner brisk walk or swim, although probably best not to start heavy exercise immediately after Sunday lunch. It will slow digestion and the food will slosh around in your stomach for longer.


MYTH: Guinness is a good source of iron and recommended in pregnancy

One of the oldest misconceptions around (pardon the pun). I've lost count of the times a pregnant woman has told me her GP recommended Guinness for its iron content. Let's set the record straight.

You'd need to drink three pints of Guinness to provide the same amount of iron as a single egg yolk (1.1mg), and alcohol is not good for babies. A pint of Guinness contains 0.3mg of iron, less than three per cent of daily adult needs. Put another way, you'd need to drink 15 pints of Guinness to get the same amount of iron as two Weetabix.


MYTH: Vitamin C will stop you getting flu and colds

People believe this vitamin promotes good health like no other. It is linked to cell protection and is readily absorbed into white blood cells, and has long been thought of as a crusader against infection.

Supplements have been shown to reduce infection risk in those who have a pre-existing deficiency or who are undertaking extreme physical activity known to hamper immunity (such as elite athletes and military personnel). For the rest of us, Vitamin C supplements at 200mg+ a day reduce cold symptoms by just eight hours and have proved useless in stopping us catching colds or flu.


MYTH: Coffee/caffeine is a diuretic, dehydrating rather than rehydrating you

Coffee contains caffeine, which has a weak diuretic (water-losing) effect if you normally avoid caffeine. If you regularly consume coffee, tea, chocolate or energy drinks (such as Red Bull), your liver learns to process caffeine quickly, neutralising this effect. Research shows the key factor influencing the diuretic effect of coffee is not related to its caffeine content but to the size of the drink.


MYTH: Milk causes people to produce extra mucus

One in three of us believes milk causes mucus, and we will even reduce intake when we have colds and flu. In fact, milk doesn't make mucus - but milk fat can coat the mouth with a fine film after drinking that gives a temporary feeling of more mucus. Research has shown that you do not produce more mucus, cough any more or experience more nasal congestion if you drink milk during a cold.


MYTH: We should all drink two litres of water a day

Research in the Forties found adult men needed two litres of fluid a day to stay hydrated. But this includes water content of food, which is more significant than you may imagine. Even toasted bread is a quarter water. The amount of fluid needed depends on activity and body size. If you are hydrated, you will produce a decent amount of urine, the colour of light straw, two to three times a day. Any excess just passes out. You don't get extra benefit from drinking more than you needfridaykanufk.blogspot.com

Manchester united

"MUFC" and "Manchester United" redirect here. For other uses, see MUFC (disambiguation).
This article is about the men's football club. For the women's football club, see Manchester United W.F.C. For the basketball team, see Manchester Eagles.
Not to be confused with F.C. United of Manchester.

Manchester United Football Club, commonly known as Man United,[3][4] or simply United, is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed "the Red Devils", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910.
Manchester United
The words "Manchester" and "United" surround a pennant featuring a ship in full sail and a devil holding a trident.
Full name
    Manchester United Football Club
Nickname(s)
    The Red Devils[1]
Short name
    MUFC
Founded
    1878; 141 years ago, as Newton Heath LYR F.C.
1902; 117 years ago, as Manchester United F.C.
Ground
    Old Trafford
Capacity
    74,879[2]
Owner
    Manchester United plc (NYSE: MANU)
Co-chairmen
    Joel and Avram Glazer
Manager
    Ole Gunnar Solskjær (caretaker)
League
    Premier League
2017–18
    Premier League, 2nd of 20
Website
    Club website
Home colours
   
Away colours
   
Third colours
Current season

Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football,[5][6] with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. United have also won three UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998–99, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the continental European treble.[7] By winning the UEFA Europa League in 2016–17, they became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions, and the only English club to have won every competition available to them.[8]

The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players. In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup. Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager, including 13 Premier League titles, 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues, between 1986 and 2013,[9][10][11] when he announced his retirement.

Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2016–17, with an annual revenue of €676.3 million,[12] and the world's most valuable football club in 2018, valued at £3.1 billion.[13] As of June 2015, it is the world's most valuable football brand, estimated to be worth $1.2 billion.[14][15] After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost £800 million, after which the company was taken private again, before going public once more in August 2012, when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange. Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world,[16][17] and has rivalries with Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal, and Leeds United.

History of uzuakoli

The primitive methodist missionary society of Great Britain founded Uzuakoli Institute (UI) in 1923, which later in 1931 was renamed Methodist College. Available information indicates that a group of missionaries led by Rev. Herbert Lewis Octavia Williams was the first principal of the institute.

At various times from inception to 1959, British missionaries administered the college. These included Rev. Hardy, Rev. Carver, Rev. Aggrey, Rev. Woods, Rev. McGarr, Rev. William (Bill) H. Spray, and Rev. E. Bernard Hall, who arrived in 1959 to be the last European missionary to serve as principal. In his final period of service in 1963, he stepped down to be deputy principal and servedg under Mr Kanu Achinivu, the first Nigerian-born principal of the college.

In recent history, the following men have served: Mr. Onokala, Mr. Anyaoha, Mr. Chukwu Ogbonnaya, Mr. Nwauche, Godwin O. O. Uzoechi, Mr C. N. Ukanwoke, Dr. Chukwumereije and Chief Sir Mike Emezue (D O B), who became the Principal of the College from 2008-2012. As a result of the handing over of some Secondary Schools to their original owners by the Abia State Governor, Chief T A. Orji, Methodist College Uzuakoli was returned to the Methodist Mission Nigeria on 14 September 2012. As of 2013 the principal was Rev. Best Okike. Methodist College is located on approximately 93 acres (38 ha) of land in Umuachama Amamba village, Uzuakoli district in Abia State.

The college operated the Uzuakoli Leprosy Research Center, which was run and overseen by some of the same missionaries who served at the college. Rev. T.F. Davey from Great Britain led the foundation for the research center. http://fridaykanufk.blogspot.com

Investment

This article is about investment in finance. For investment in macroeconomics, see Investment (macroeconomics). For other uses, see Investment (disambiguation).
"Invest" redirects here. For the term in meteorology, see Invest (meteorology).
In general, to invest is to distribute money in the expectation of some benefit in the future – for example, investment in durable goods, in real estate by the service industry, in factories for manufacturing, in product development, and in research and development. However, this article focuses specifically on investment in financial assets.

In finance, the benefit from investment is called a return. The return may consist of a profit from the sale of property or an investment, or investment income including dividends, interests, rental income etc., or a combination of the two. The projected economic return is the appropriately discounted value of the future returns.

Investors generally expect higher returns from riskier investments. When we make a low risk investment, the return is also generally low.

Investors, particularly novices, are often advised to adopt a particular investment strategy and diversify their portfolio. Diversification has the statistical effect of reducing overall risk.
Investment differs from arbitrage, in which profit is generated without investing capital or bearing risk.
An investor may bear a risk of loss of some or all of their capital invested, whereas in saving the risk of loss in the value that is stated on a coin or note is normally remote.

Investment in stocks, property, etc. in the hope of significant gain but with the risk of significant loss, i.e. speculation, involves a level of risk which is greater than most investors would generally consider justified by the expected return. An alternative characterization of speculation is its short-term, opportunistic nature.

Indeed speculation is opposite to investment and is considered negatively as personal behavior and because it can cause significant damage to the real economy.

In the early 1900s purchasers of stocks, bonds, and other securities were described in media, academia, and commerce as speculators. By the 1950s, the term investment had come to denote the more conservative end of the securities spectrum, while speculation was applied by financial brokers and their advertising agencies to higher risk securities much in vogue at that time. Since the last half of the 20th century, the terms speculation and speculator have specifically referred to higher risk ventures.

History  
The Code of Hammurabi (around 1700 BC) provided a legal framework for investment, establishing a means for the pledge of collateral by codifying debtor and creditor rights in regard to pledged land. Punishments for breaking financial obligations were not as severe as those for crimes involving injury or death.

Types of investments   
Main articles: Traditional investments and Alternative investment
Investment strategies   
Value investment   
Main article: Value investing
A value investor buys assets that they believe to be undervalued (and sells overvalued ones). To identify undervalued securities, a value investor uses analysis of the financial reports of the issuer to evaluate the security. Value investors employ accounting ratios, such as earnings per share and sales growth, to identify securities trading at prices below their worth.

Warren Buffett and Benjamin Graham are notable examples of value investors. Graham and Dodd's seminal work, Security Analysis, was written in the wake of the Wall Street Crash of 1929.

The price to earnings ratio (P/E), or earnings multiple, is a particularly significant and recognized fundamental ratio, with a function of dividing the share price of stock, by its earnings per share. This will provide the value representing the sum investors are prepared to expend for each dollar of company earnings. This ratio is an important aspect, due to its capacity as measurement for the comparison of valuations of various companies. A stock with a lower P/E ratio will cost less per share than one with a higher P/E, taking into account the same level of financial performance; therefore, it essentially means a low P/E is the preferred option.

An instance in which the price to earnings ratio has a lesser significance is when companies in different industries are compared. For example, although it is reasonable for a telecommunications stock to show a P/E in the low teens, in the case of hi-tech stock, a P/E in the 40s range is not unusual. When making comparisons, the P/E ratio can give you a refined view of a particular stock valuation.

For investors paying for each dollar of a company's earnings, the P/E ratio is a significant indicator, but the price-to-book ratio (P/B) is also a reliable indication of how much investors are willing to spend on each dollar of company assets. In the process of the P/B ratio, the share price of a stock is divided by its net assets; any intangibles, such as goodwill, are not taken into account. It is a crucial factor of the price-to-book ratio, due to it indicating the actual payment for tangible assets and not the more difficult valuation of intangibles. Accordingly, the P/B could be considered a comparatively conservative metric.

Intermediaries and collective investments  
Investments are often made indirectly through intermediary financial institutions. These intermediaries include pension funds, banks, and insurance companies. They may pool money received from a number of individual end investors into funds such as investment trusts, unit trusts, SICAVs, etc. to make large-scale investments. Each individual investor holds an indirect or direct claim on the assets purchased, subject to charges levied by the intermediary, which may be large and varied.

Approaches to investment sometimes referred to in marketing of collective investments include dollar cost averaging and market timing.

Famous investors  
Investors famous for their success include Warren Buffett. In the March 2013 edition of Forbes magazine, Warren Buffett ranked number 2 in their Forbes 400 list. Buffett has advised in numerous articles and interviews that a good investment strategy is long-term and due diligence is the key to investing in the right assets.

Edward O. Thorp was a highly successful hedge fund manager in the 1970s and 1980s who spoke of a similar approach.

The investment principles of both of these investors have points in common with the Kelly criterion for money management. Numerous interactive calculators which use the Kelly criterion can be found online.

Investment valuation  
Free cash flow measures the cash a company generates which is available to its debt and equity investors, after allowing for reinvestment in working capital and capital expenditure. High and rising free cash flow therefore tend to make a company more attractive to investors.

The debt-to-equity ratio is an indicator of capital structure. A high proportion of debt, reflected in a high debt-to-equity ratio, tends to make a company's earnings, free cash flow, and ultimately the returns to its investors, more risky or volatile. Investors compare a company's debt-to-equity ratio with those of other companies in the same industry, and examine trends in debt-to-equity ratios and free cash flow.

An enhancement of the P/E ratio that could help you valuate a stock is the PEG (price-earnings-growth) ratio. As a rule of thumb, look for companies with a PEG close to 1.0, which implies that the market’s expectations are based on realistic assumptions about the firm’s growth prospects